NOTE: Eudora Mailbox Cleaner is a PowerPC application and requires Rosetta to run on Intel machines. This means that Eudora Mailbox Cleaner will not run on systems with MacOS X 10.7 (Lion) or higher
Introduction
Trying to migrate my old messages from Eudora to Apple Mail, I noticed that most of the information got lost or mangled in the process (all messages show up as unread, attachments get lost, non-ASCII character show up incorrect, HTML messages display as code instead of formatted text, …). Since I was not satisfied with this partial import, I wrote 'Eudora Mailbox Cleaner' which corrects all these issues. I later realized that problems are more widespread and added additional features to the application in order to support more email clients.
Eudora Mailbox Cleaner currently supports migrating the following information:
For all these conversions, message status flags are conserved and attachments are preserved (only for incoming messages when importing from Eudora).
Using a two-step approach, Eudora Mailbox Cleaner can be used to convert messages from even more applications - e.g., Windows Thunderbird allows importing of messages from Microsoft Outlook. Using Thunderbird on Windows and then Eudora Mailbox Cleaner on your Mac, you can thus migrate your messages from Outlook to Mail while preserving message status flags (I don't know of any other program able to achieve this).
The name 'Eudora Mailbox Cleaner' is still left over from early versions of this program which cleaned Eudora mailboxes for proper import using Mail.app's "Import Mailboxes…" feature. As of version 2.0, mailboxes are converted directly and the import in Mail.app is not needed any more.
Eudora Mailbox Cleaner is a simple drag'n'drop application which provides easy one-step migration for your messages and other mail related data. The following functionality has been implemented:
Mailbox Importing (from Eudora or Thunderbird to Apple Mail or Thunderbird)
Direct conversion from Eudora or Thunderbird mailboxes to Mail.app *.mbox packages or Thunderbird mbox/*.msf files. Aside from being faster than the "Import Mailboxes…" in the respective applications, the following problems are fixed as well:
Date for sent messages is set properly (i.e., not the date when the messages are imported)
"To: " headers will not be lost when importing sent messages into Mail.app
text/enriched (Eudora's "rich text"), text/html, and multipart/… messages are imported properly
Message status flags (sent, replied, forwarded, …) are preserved upon import (if this does not work for you, see the remark below)
Attachment recovery: if the original attachment of a message can be found inside Eudora's "Attachments Folder", the attachment will be re-encoded and attached to the message using proper MIME-compliant encoding.
Nickname Importing (from Eudora to the Mac OS X Address Book or Thunderbird)
Directly import Eudora nickname files into the MacOS X's Address Book or as address book in the default Thunderbird profile. Nicknames marked as "Do not include this nickname when syncing" in Eudora will be ignored.
All group information will be converted from Eudora to the Address Book and mailing lists will be imported as well.
Accented characters will import properly into Thunderbird and won't show up as gibberish like they do when using the Thunderbird import.
See the remark below if auto-complete of addresses in Mail does not work after import.
Filter Importing (from Eudora to Apple Mail)
Directly convert Eudora filter files into rules for Mail.app
All of these features have been tested importing files from the English versions of Eudora (5.1 through 6.2 on OS X) to Mail.app (version 1.1, MacOS X 10.1.2 up to version 4.1, MacOS X 10.6 "Snow Leopard") and Thunderbird (version 0.7.1 through 3.0b in OS X). The import from nicknames into the Address Book has been tested for Address Book 3.0.3 (MacOS X 10.2.6) through 5.0 (MacOS X 10.6). Your mileage may vary for different versions… According to user reports, the application works just fine with Classic Eudora data as well.
Attachments will be only re-attached to the message if the attachment can be found inside Eudora's "Attachments Folder" and the attachment has not been renamed. Attachments which can not be located during the conversion process will be marked as "(missing attachment)" at the end of the message NOTE: The application will only look in the "Attachments Folder" inside the main "Eudora Folder" - if you specified a custom location for the attachments in Eudora's preferences you will have to copy all attachments into this default location.
Attachments will be only re-attached for incoming messages - all outgoing messages will lack attachment information
Empty mailboxes will not be converted (this is by design)
Converting of mailboxes larger than 2GB on disk will result in empty mailboxes after the import — please split large mailboxes into mailboxes smaller than 2GB each before the import
If all messages of a mailbox are imported as unread, Eudora Mailbox Cleaner was either unable to find the TOC information for that mailbox, the TOC was found but in an unknown format, or it was corrupt. Check the conversion log (~/Library/Logs/Eudora Mailbox Cleaner.log) - it will tell you about the TOC status for each converted mailbox. If you are using separate *.toc files (Windows Eudora or old-style TOC on Mac Eudora) make sure that they are located in the same folder as the *.toc files. If the TOC is unknown of corrupt, try rebuilding it (Command-Click in message count/mailbox size area for that mailbox in Eudora).
Thunderbird will not display any messages in mailboxes whose names end with either a period or a space, or mailboxes with a slash ("/") anywhere in the mailbox name - make sure to rename such mailboxes in Eudora before doing the conversion.
Nickname Importing
Some fields available for nicknames in Eudora are not available or not accessible in Address Book for system versions before 10.3. Those fields are: "Nickname" (will be imported into the "Nickname" field inside Address Book but is not accessible from the UI), "Full Name" (will be ignored for the Mac OS X Address Book, Thunderbird will use this as the "Display Name"), and "Photo" (will be ignored)
Address Book only allows a single entry for the "Homepage" field. The first "Web" field from Eudora will be used, all subsequent entries will be added to the "Notes" of the contact. Thunderbird allows two home pages - one for "home" and one for "work" - the first webpage in the additional entires in Eudora will be used as the work homepage.
If you used nicknames for individual entries in mailing lists members in Eudora, have more than one nickname file and have the nicknames for members of the mailing list defined in a different nickname file than the mailing list containing those entries, you might end up with some incorrect entries after the import (when the nicknames are not known at the time the mailing list is imported). You will get the best results when you either have a single nickname file or make sure that the mailing list members are defined in the same file as the mailing list if you use nicknames in your mailing lists.
Filter Importing
Mail has a more limited support for filter rules and actions than Eudora. Therefore, only rules/actions which are supported will be imported (Eudora's "Label" will be imported to Mail's "Color")
As opposed to Eudora, Mail allows only for one action out of "reply", "redirect", and "forward". When the program encounters more than one of these actions upon importing, the first one will be imported.
When importing rules which contain transfers to mailboxes, please note the following: the path for mailboxes where the messages will be transferred to is "/Import/MailboxPath/MailboxName" (i.e., inside the import folder created when converting mailboxes). Since this is the default location where the mailboxes are located after a successful import, this should work properly (when moving the mailbox to a different location later, the rules will be updated accordingly)
Please quit all applications involved in the transfer (i.e., Eudora, Thunderbird, Apple Mail, and Address Book). If the target application is running during the import, some of the data will be lost. If you are importing nicknames into the Address Book, you should also close all programs accessing the Address Book database (e.g., iChat) since the repeated re-loading of the data by those applications will slow down the nickname import considerably.
The application leaves all original data untouched. However, it is always a good idea to back up your data (at least your mail and address data) before using it.
If the application does not allow your Eudora data being dragged onto its icon, copy the application from the disk image to your local hard disk first and then use the copy on your local disk.
Importing from Eudora
It is a good idea to clean up/compact your mailboxes first (i.e., click the space in the mailbox display where the number and size of the messages is displayed). Otherwise you might get messages you already deleted in Eudora after importing.
Locate your Eudora data folder - it normally is located at "~/Documents/Eudora Folder" on MacOS X and at "C:\Documents And Settings\username\Application Data\Qualcomm\Eudora" in Windows
If you are importing data from Windows Eudora, please follow these additional steps:
If you use ftp to transfer your mailboxes from your PC to your Mac, make sure you transfer the files in "binary" mode (otherwise your EOLs would be changed from "CR+LF" to "LF" and the import would fail).
In order to have a complete conversion (including attachments), create the following folder structure anywhere on your disk (the Desktop works just fine):
create a folder called "Eudora Folder"
inside this folder, create three folders and name them "Mail Folder", "Attachments Folder", and "Parts Folder" (make sure to have the exact spelling and capitalization for all folders)
move all your attachments from your PC to the "Attachments Folder" (directly inside the folder, do not create subfolders). The attachments on your PC are typically stored inside "C:\Program Files\Qualcomm\Eudora\Attach\"
move all embedded images (which have been removed by Eudora) from your PC to the "Parts Folder" (again, do not create any subfolders). The embedded images on your PC are typically stored inside "C:\Program Files\Qualcomm\Eudora\Embedded\"
move all your mailboxes (all files ending in *.mbx as well as all the corresponding *.toc files - those are not required but will ensure that message status flags will be imported properly) inside the "Mail Folder", creating subfolders as you feel fit (the folder hierarchy will be preserved inside Mail)
move all your nickname files ("nndbase.txt" inside the Eudora folder and every file inside the "Nickname" folder on your PC) directly inside the "Eudora Folder" on your Mac
move your filters ("filters.pce" inside the Eudora folder) directly inside the "Eudora Folder" on your Mac
Drag your Eudora data folder onto the the 'Eudora Mailbox Cleaner' icon in the Finder and select the appropriate settings in the dialog (source and target applications as well as specifying what data to migrate). You can also drop individual files onto the application if you only want to migrate selected mailboxes or nickname files (folders will be scanned recursively for files contained in them). Note: dragging your mail folder onto the application residing on the disk image does not seem to work when doing so in 10.6 (Snow Leopard) - simply drag the application from the disk image onto your Desktop first to make a local copy of it and then drag your mail folder onto the application on the Desktop.
All your data should show up in the target applications when you start them after the import - see notes about individual target applications below.
Importing from Thunderbird
It is a good idea to compact your mailboxes first (choose "File → Compact Folders" from the menu in Thunderbird). This will remove already deleted messages from the mbox files and speed up to migration process.
Drag your profile folder onto the the 'Eudora Mailbox Cleaner' icon in the Finder and select the appropriate settings in the dialog (with Thunderbird as the source application you will be only able to migrate your messages to Apple Mail). You can also drop individual files onto the application if you only want to migrate selected mailboxes or nickname files (folders will be scanned recursively for files contained in them). Note: dragging your mail folder onto the application residing on the disk image does not seem to work when doing so in 10.6 (Snow Leopard) - simply drag the application from the disk image onto your Desktop first to make a local copy of it and then drag your mail folder onto the application on the Desktop.
All your data should show up in the target applications when you start them after the import - see notes about individual target applications below.
Importing to Apple Mail and Address Book
Your imported mailboxes will be located in a new folder called "Import" at the top-level of your local mailboxes. The new files will be located at "~/Library/Mail/Mailboxes/Import" on your hard disk Note of caution: DO NOT move your imported messages to the "Outbox" since that will result in all these messages being resent immediately… (you could safely move them into the "Sent Messages" mailbox). Note: (Mac OS X 10.4 "Tiger") Mail 2.0 introduced a new mailbox format which uses a SQlite database (~/Library/Mail/Envelope Index) in addition to the mailboxes themselves. Until the imported messages are added to this database, the imported mailboxes will appear to be empty in Mail. Select "Mailbox → Rebuild" from the menu in Mail to rebuild each of the imported mailboxes and all your messages will show up correctly. For a little less cumbersome way to do this, you can use the AppleScript included in the download to rebuild all imported mailboxes - please don't interfere with the script's progress until it has finished - the script is using UI scripting which has some issues.
Filter files will add the corresponding rules automatically to Mail. However, this works only if Mail is not running when importing filter files. In Mail.app, imported rules will have a name starting with "(imported)" and will initially be inactive (so you can make sure that they were imported properly). You can use the included AppleScript "ActivateFilters" to remove the "(imported)" from the name and activate all imported filters at once.
All nicknames and mailing lists will be directly imported into the Address Book. Note that due to the way the Address Book works, e new group will be created for each Eudora nickname which expands to more than one email address.
Importing to Thunderbird
The imported mailboes will be located in "~/Library/Thunderbird/Profiles/…/Mail/Local Folders/" - if the location of your default Thunderbird profile is different from this, you will have to manually move the all the data to the appropriate location on your system - while Thunderbird is not running.
I wrote this little program for my own personal use and added more features after users' requests after the initial release. It is provided "as-is" and I don't take any responsability for the integrity of your mailboxes - as usual it is a good idea to back up your mailboxes, nickname files, and Address Book data before using the program.
The application is distributed free of charge - I wrote it for my own personal use and decided to make it available for the Macintosh community. However, donations via PayPal for support or continued development are very much appreciated and not turned away.
Eudora Mailbox Cleaner may not be redistributed via the web or any other electronic media except with explicit written consent by the author.
System Requirements
Since the application relies on a certain folder structure used by Mail.app (which is a MacOS X only program) as well as on the AddressBook.framework introduced in 10.2, System 10.2 or higher (excluding 10.7 or higher) is required. The application should run properly on every computer which is able to run MacOS X. Versions prior to 3.0 (without direct import of nicknames into the Address Book) run on MacOS X 10.0 - 10.1.x. You can still download the last pre MacOS 10.2 version.
If you are still using MacOS 9 and are looking for a way to export your Eudora nicknames, you might want to check out Eudora vCard Export, another application I wrote.
Eudora Mailbox Cleaner runs on MacOS X only and due to the way it is written, I won't be able to port it to other operating systems - if you are trying to transfer your mail from Eudora to standard mbox format (e.g., to import into Mozilla Thunderbird) on a PC running Windows, you can do so using Eudora Rescue written by Qwerky.
Eudora Mailboxes Cleaner is compiled as PPC-only application. Due to the fact that it makes use of many features of CodeWarrior's PowerPlant framework, it cannot be ported to Xcode which would be required to make it an universal application. However, it runs just fine on Intel machines under Rosetta.
Improved handling of attachments with long names - if the original file cannot be found (file's inode on disk has changed) the application now tries to find the attachment based on the partial filename available. If only one possible match is found it will be used, in case of multiple possible matches none of them will be attached in order not to re-attach the wrong file (either case will be logged in the conversion log file).
Improvements/bugfixes:
Improve parsing of full names within mailing lists to recognize additional formats.
Improve parsing of message headers to more closely adhere to RFC2822: no space required after the colon and allow comments after the actual date without claiming invalid dates.
Improve EOL detection when importing messages from Thunderbird to Mail - apparently EOLs can change at any point and not only in the message headers.
Properly recode 8-bit characters in Thunderbird message headers (use ISO-Latin1 instead of MacRoman as the default encoding).
Fix hang/crash when parsing quoted HTML messages which have been quoted using full message headers.
Make "mark as read" filters work correctly after import to Mail.
Properly escape custom header contents when importing filters to avoid Mail from rejecting all rules due to malformed XML data.
Properly recover inline parts with escaped characters in the file name (i.e., use "Image 1.jpg" when the message calls for "Image%201.jpg").
Fix wrong character re-encoding for some Unicode messages (denoted as <x-flowed utf-8> by Eudora).
Fix potential application hang when the last message in a mailbox was corrupt.
Fix application hang when importing from Thunderbird and the last message in a mailbox contained no message body.
Fix potential crash when importing an Eudora message with an empty "Subject:" header with no space following the colon.
Minor tweaks to the log file format to provide more information for missing attachments and to allow for easier filtering using the search box in the Console application.
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4.8 (November 26, 2007)
New features:
Nickname import: if no information about a contact's full name is found in the appropriate fields but the information is available in the email address field (e.g., email address entered as "First Last <email@address>"), add that information to the correct fields in the address book instead of discarding it. This works for contacts as well as mailing list members.
Preserve label information for messages imported to Mail in 10.4/10.5 - Eudora's standard labels (1-7) will be mapped to the same text colors in Mail, the custom labels (8-15) will be mapped to background colors for easier distinction between the labels.
Improvements/bugfixes:
Properly deal with stray newline characters in message headers when importing mailboxes from Windows Eudora to avoid corrupt messages.
Make sure that the generated Date headers comply with the format as defined in RFC2822 (we had the order of day and month inverted earlier).
Don't try to recover attachments/embedded files whose earlier presence is quoted in an HTML message.
Properly recode custom headers used in Eudora filters to UTF-8 to fix the issue where no rules would be present in Mail after import.
Parse Date: headers lacking the weekday in the date string - even though this format clearly violates the RFC, it seems to be fairly common for some mailers.
Prevent attachments from being displayed twice in the imported messages (with the first attachment not containing any actual data).
multipart/... messages with the first part being HTML no longer show up as empty after the import if the original Eudora message started with an empty line before the HTML content.
Fix crash when importing Windows nickname files when the file contains a trailing EOL.
Fix a crash when calling CFRelease() which could occur due to incorrect TOC information for a message.
Fix an Address Book.framework related crash when running on 10.2.8
Properly import nickname files from Mac Eudora if they contain only a single entry - that entry was ignored before.
Fix potential cosmetic problem in the summary dialog when importing Eudora filter and/or nickname files only.
Adapt the "Rebuild Mailboxes" AppleScript to work correctly in MacOS X 10.5 (Leopard).
4.7.3 (September 30, 2006)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Be a little less strict about mbox message separation strings - we now also honor "From " (exactly two spaces before the newline) which might be encountered in Thunderbird mailboxes despite obviously violating the relevant RFC.
Fix a potential buffer overflow which can lead to a crash when importing from Eudora and the very first line of a message is longer than 268 characters and also contains a custom charset definition (<x-charset …>)
4.7.2 (September 11, 2006)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Fix table_of_contents creation on system 10.3.x - due to a change in CodeWarrior 9, the time stamp inside the file was written in the local time zone instead of UTC. Mail on 10.2.x had no problem with this but on 10.3.x the complete TOC would be rejected as malformed resulting in all messages being shown as unread.
Import to Mail in 10.3.x was probably broken (status flags not preserved) since version 4.4.1 - testing on old system versions is somewhat of a hassle and has lower priority.
Don't truncate long subject headers if the original header was wrapping around multiple lines.
Fix conversion of multipart/digest messages - you should no longer see random headers within the message text.
Reduce number of reads when reading message information from Eudora's TOC - read all information for one message at once instead of reading the individual pieces. This makes the code much cleaner and easier to maintain and possibly enhance.
Properly identify recognized *.toc files and empty files during the initial scanning phase instead of listing them as "unknown format" in the log file.
4.7.1 (August 30, 2006)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Massive speed increase when importing Eudora nicknames to the MacOS X Adddress Book. Instead of saving the Address Book after each addition, the database is now saved only after adding all single entries and then again after adding the mailing lists. This also seems to prevent some race conditions with the SyncServer trying to access data which is not completely ready.
Properly parse Eudora nicknames which have been entered in the form "email@address (Last, First)" - such names will now no longer be interpreted as mailing lists and don't produce bogus entries any more.
Correct bug which would create an infinite number of messages when importing from Eudora mailboxes which had a corrupt or missing TOC and the last message in the mailbox did have an empty message body.
Don't skip nicknames with no email address and no information other than a note.
Fix crash which would occur trying to recover an attachment when the line referencing the attachment in the original message contained illegal characters.
Fix crash which would sometimes occur during the initial scanning of files.
Make sure that the text in the summary dialog is not cut off prematurely.
4.7 (August 1, 2006)
New features:
The application now creates a log file in ~/Library/Logs (you can use the "Console" program located in your Utilities folder to look at the log file). Among other information, the log lists which attachments have been successfully recovered and which ones are missing. This is helpful if you want to clean out the original Eudora attachment folder after successful conversion.
Improvements/bugfixes:
Improved the AppleScript dictionary - it is now possible to set all the options accessible from the initial dialog with AppleScript. Refer to the sample script included in the disk image for an example on how to script the conversion.
Nickname import improvements:
Don't import completely empty nicknames (no info other than the nickname itself)
Don't import nested groups into Thunderbird's address book as it does not support this
When importing to the MacOS X Address Book, properly deal with lists which has members identified by their nickname instead of email address
4.6.1 (May 29, 2006)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Fix possible infinite loop when importing Thunderbird messages with inconsistent end-of-line characters within a single header.
Fix potential crash with corrupt Content-Type headers in multipart messages.
Don't produce a malformatted rules file for Mail when importing Eudora filters based on «Label».
When importing mailboxes from Windows, also remove folder/mailbox suffixes in all caps.
4.6 (January 24, 2006)
New features:
Resolve aliases and symbolic links within the Eudora folder and the target folder hierarchy when converting.
Make reading of binary data from Eudora mailboxes TOCs endian-independent. I tested mailbox import on an Intel iMac and things work just fine (the application will run in Rosetta).
Include an AppleScript with the download which will attempt to rebuild all messages within the "Import" hierarchy for Mail in 10.4.x.
Note: since the script uses UI scripting to perform the mailbox rebuilding (which is not accessible to AppleScript otherwise), you should best leave your computer alone while the script is running.
Improvements/bugfixes:
Improved reformatting of quoted address headers without email addresses (I have also reported Mail's faulty behaviour with such headers as bug #4321591 to Apple).
Fix MIME encoding of Japanese headers - the application could hang before on certain headers.
Improve detection of custom encodings used in HTML and multipart messages in order to recode text properly.
Fix bug introduced in version 4.5.0 which would result in some characters not showing up properly when converting Eudora filters to Mail rules for the English version of Mac Eudora.
Properly import nicknames with email addresses entered in the form "First Last" <email@address>, "Last, First" <email@address>, or <email@address> (Full Name).
Properly import nicknames where multiple email addresses have been entered separated by newlines instead of commas.
Don't create empty address entries when importing nicknames to the MacOS AddressBook.
Fix potential infinite loop when processing messages with embedded files and some of the files are referenced more than once.
4.5.1 (October 27, 2005)
New features:
Preserve message priority flags during conversion.
Improvements/bugfixes:
Use binary instead of quoted printable encoding for headers when importing from Japanese Eudora. This makes the headers shorter and slightly more readable (at least the email addresses) and should be closer to what the original message looked like before Eudora mangled it.
Properly MIME-encode filenames for attachments using UTF-8. All Unicode filenames should now be handled correctly (e.g., attachments converted from the Japanese version of Eudora).
Don't truncate filenames with more than 31 characters when re-attaching files.
Improve recovery of digitally signed messages so that they won't display with an empty body in Thunderbird.
Use system-supplied functions for all character recoding instead of the custom functions used before.
Improved TOC creation for MIME-encoded headers. This might speed up the initial rebuild of the imported mailboxes when using Mail in 10.4.x - the biggest difference will be visible when importing from Japanese Eudora.
Improved status message display when importing Japanese messages from Thunderbird/Mozilla.
Fix nickname importing from the Japanese version of Eudora into both, the MacOS Address Book and Thunderbird.
Fix importing of some HTML messages from the Japanese version of Eudora which would display wrong due to using a wrong charset.
Correctly import nicknames containing "$" characters into Thunderbird.
Fix problem with missing "Date:" headers which would result in the dates of some imported messages being off by a few hours (depending on the offset of the local time zone to UTC).
Relax parsing of Date headers slightly so that importing old (Windows) Thunderbird mailboxes will not result in wrong dates in the message list.
When importing messages from Thunderbird, check for changing EOL characters within the headers of a single message as well.
Work around an apparent bug in Mail which would not display message headers consisting of quoted names without email addresses.
4.5 (September 10, 2005)
New features:
Added support for Japanese version of Eudora - if you select "Eudora (Japanese)" as the import source, Japanese mailboxes should be imported correctly (no more "Mojibake").
Added support to read old-style *.toc files from Mac Eudora - your message status flags should now import correctly even if you were using old style *.toc files in Eudora.
Improvements/bugfixes:
Unicode mailbox names will now be imported properly.
Properly display mailbox names and message subjects with Unicode in the progress dialog.
Improve user feedback in the progress dialog during initial folder scanning.
Improve detection of <!x-stuff-for-pete ...> tags in Eudora messages - apart from making sure those (Eudora-inserted) tags don't appear in the output, this will also improve proper charset conversion for some HTML messages.
Make detection of message separators (when importing mailboxes without TOC) a little less strict - even though we allow some message separators which technically are illegal, this solves some issues (application hanging) when importing mailboxes created by some other mail clients.
When importing messages from Mozilla/Thunderbird try to correctly identify the number of attachments for display in the message list in Mail (earlier versions would always show "1 item" if any number of attachments were present).
Speed up mailbox importing by another 20% or so.
Rebuild the project using a standard project template and with the latest CodeWarrior Release (9.6). This should hopefully resolve problems with system versions prior to 10.4 caused by linking to the wrong libraries.
Turned off compiler optimizations - they didn't really do a lot in regard to application size and seemed to cause random problems for some people (crashes, attachment recovery failing, ...).
4.4.1 (July 17, 2005)
New features:
When importing nicknames which don't contain first and last names in Eudora, the full name (if present) or nickname will now be parsed and the first/last name fields will be populated from that info.
Improvements/bugfixes:
Improve message importing from Mozilla/Thunderbird mailboxes with mixed EOL characters - this should prevent hangs/crashes during the import and make sure that no messages are missing in the imported messages. The application now also checks for Windows-style EOLs in the middle of a mailbox.
Correctly import messages from Eudora mailboxes which had been digitally signed using S/MIME and contain attachments or embedded images (note that the signature will not be visible - it would be invalid anyway...).
Increase the size of the summary dialog so that we don't chop off text.
Cleaned up the applications AppleScript dictionary - we now don't list items any longer which are not actually implemented.
Updated the program to the latest (and probably last...) version of CodeWarrior, converting it to a properly bundled application. Also fixed some code to avoid implicit typecasts and other potentially hazardous things (and get the thing to even compile again).
4.4 (July 2, 2005)
New features:
Import of mailboxes from Mozilla to Mail - the application can now import mailboxes from Mozilla/Thunderbird to Mail. Even though this feature is present in Mail, using Eudora Mailbox Cleaner has the following advantages:
Preservation of message status flags (read, replied, forwarded) - Mail will import all messages as unread
Deleted messages will not be imported - Mail imports messages which are no longer present in Mozilla
Correctly imports messages from mailboxes with mixed end-of-line characters (older versions of Mozilla used Mac EOLs instead of *nix EOLs) - Mail would drop all messages with EOLs other than *nix-style
Speed... - probably at least ten times faster than Mail's import!
Improvements/bugfixes:
Fix certain malformed dates (missing space between date and time zone offset - Zmail on the Symbolics Lisp Machine seems to exhibit this problem).
Remove the ".fol" suffix from mailboxes/folders when importing from Windows Eudora.
Clean up the summary dialog presented after successful import. Don't show unneeded information and add a note about mailbox rebuilding when importing to Tiger's Mail.
4.3.1 (May 26, 2005)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Better attachment recovery when importing messages from the Windows version of Eudora. Eudora apparently has two different styles of referencing attachments in the messages and only one style was being recovered before.
Fix bad character set translation for some HTML messages.
Fix issue where some attachments which contained a resource fork would show up as "mime-attachment.txt" instead of with the proper name.
Improved the code to magically detect the proper MIME type for attachments.
4.3 (May 4, 2005)
New features:
Support for Mac OS X 10.4 "Tiger" - upgraded the application for the new filter and mailbox formats introduced in Mail 2.0. The output format when migrating to Mail depends on the current system version - everything still works fine on systems starting with 10.2.
Since Tiger's Mail uses a SQlite database in addition to the mailboxes, you will have to manually rebuild the imported mailboxes in Mail. See "Program Usage" for more information.
Improvements/bugfixes:
Fix recovering of embedded images when converting mailboxes from Windows Eudora.
Correctly identify additional mime-types for attachments and embedded files. We now also take into account the file extension for mime-type determination. This helps for images to be correctly displayed in Thunderbird.
Make sure not to ignore all but the first embedded file per line if more than one file is referenced on a single line.
Properly detect groups which consist of nicknames only (i.e., no email addresses).
When importing nicknames into the MacOS Address Book, add the contact to the database before adding it to the group. Even though both ways work, adding the person to a group first will produce a warning in the console.log.
When importing nicknames into the Mac OS X Address Book, do not import Eudora's read-only version of the Address Book since we would end up with lots of duplicates.
Make sure that we create properly encoded UTF-8 data when writing to Mail's rules plist file. This should fix the problem with Eudora's rules not importing properly.
4.2.2 (March 11, 2005)
Improvements/bugfixes:
When moving messages to Thunderbird, change the mbox message separator from "From ???@??? ..." (Eudora-style) to "From - ..." (used by Thunderbird). This prevents problems ("invalid header") when trying to upload messages to a Cyrus IMAP server.
4.2.1 (March 7, 2005)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Preserve message labels for messages in Windows Eudora mailboxes as well when moving to Thunderbird. Thanks to Qwerky for sharing the information about the location of the label in the Windows toc files.
4.2 (February 19, 2005)
New features:
Message labels will now be preserved for messages when moving to Thunderbird (there is no concept for message labels in Mail so preserving them is not possible when migrating to Mail). Note: Eudora supports 15 labels, Thunderbird only 5 - messages with labels 6 or higher in Eudora will get label 5 in Thunderbird.
Improvements/bugfixes:
Messages with more than 63 attachments now show the proper information in Mail's message list (who would even send messages with that many attachments?)
4.1.3 (January 17, 2005)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Fix filter import into Mail - a rule matching «Personality»: «Dominant» in Eudora would make the rule import fail and no rules other than the Apple default rule would appear in Mail after the import using previous versions
4.1.2 (January 12, 2005)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Make sure that all headers containing 8-bit characters are properly encoded
Remove all Null characters (0x00) from the message body. Even though they didn't seem to pose a problem for Mail.app, uploading such messages to certain IMAP servers would fail
Fixed problem with nickname import into Thunderbird which could lead to a corrupt TB addressbook being generated in rare cases where two almost identical email addresses were present in the original Eudora file
Make sure we don't produce unnecessary duplicate entries when importing mailing lists into the Thunderbird Addressbook
Remove "<" and ">" characters from email addresses when importing nicknames in case they were present around the address entered in Eudora (this is a purely cosmetical issue)
4.1.1 (October 2, 2004)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Fixed encoding error when encoding files containing a resource fork (Mail was able to parse the attachments correctly before but we didn't really adhere to the MIME specification...)
Added mailbox path delimiter parsing when importing Windows filter files into Mail.app - this should fix the problem where Mail would report "No mailbox selected" for transfer and copy actions unless the mailbox was located at the lowest level of the mailbox hierarchy
Better detection of default Thunderbird profile for profiles imported from pre-0.7 versions
4.1 (July 27, 2004)
New features:
Nickname import to Mozilla Thunderbird - when choosing "Thunderbird" as import target, nicknames will now be imported into the Thunderbird address book of the default profile instead of the system-wide one Note: make sure to quit Thunderbird before importing nicknames, they will not show up otherwise
Improvements/bugfixes:
Fixed (possibly longstanding) bug which resulted in nickname notes being lost on import - stupid copy/paste mistake...
Improved handling of multi-line entries in the various nickname fields
Properly import accented and other 8-bit characters when converting nicknames from Windows Eudora
4.0 (July 11, 2004)
New features:
Mailbox import to Mozilla Thunderbird - you can now choose the target application for conversion (Mail.app or Mozilla Thunderbird). For Thunderbird import, mailboxes will be imported into the "Local Folders" of the default profile
Snazzy new icon to reflect the fact that migration now is possible not only to Mail
3.4 (June 20, 2004)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Added character translation from Windows' codepage 1252 - now mailboxes imported from Windows Eudora should have all 8-bit characters show up properly
Improved detection of HTML messages when converting mailboxes from the Windows Eudora version
Better handling of 8-bit characters in HTML messages/parts. The number of misrepresented characters in imported messages should be much smaller now
3.3 (May 11, 2004)
New features:
Support for Windows filter import - the Eudora filter file on Windows is called "Filters.pce". Simply copy that file into your newly created Eudora folder on the Mac prior to import in order to import all you filters
Improvements/bugfixes:
Filters based on non-standard headers are now imported into Mail
Added support for "copy" action when converting filters (Mac OS X 10.3 or higher)
Import «Personality» as "Account" (Mac OS X 10.3 or higher). Note: this works only if you have your accounts set up in Mail prior to importing from Eudora and if your accounts are named identical to your Personalities in Eudora. Unknown personalities will show up empty in Mail's rules and you will have to manually choose the correct account.
Fixed some problems with "Any Recipient" criteria rules when using more than one criteria
Better match of message coloring to Eudora when using text coloring in rules on Mac OS X 10.3 or higher
Fixed crash which would occur trying to re-encode a folder instead of a file - attached folders will currently not be re-encoded and re-attached to the imported message
3.2.3 (April 29, 2004)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Fixed a longstanding bug which resulted in mailboxes for imported "move" and "copy" rules not showing up properly in Mail in some cases
Correctly process rules which use "Sender (not) in Address Book" in addition to another criterion
Don't import empty criteria which might be present in slightly corrupt Eudora filter files in order not to confuse Mail
3.2.2 (April 21, 2004)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Properly import mailing lists where group members are referenced by nickname instead of email address
Fixed bug which would cause the application to stall when individual members of a mailing list were separated by multiple commas
Made the progress bar appear properly during the first pass of a nickname file import
3.2.1 (November 23, 2003)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Color text instead of background for imported Eudora filters when running MacOS X 10.3 or higher
Added support for new filter selections and actions introduced with Eudora 6.x ("Sender (not) in Address Book" and "Mark as Junk")
3.2 (November 1, 2003)
New features:
Preserve message status flags for Windows mailboxes - this requires that the *.toc file is present for every *.mbx file. For missing *.toc files, import works fine but all messages will appear as unread
Improvements/bugfixes:
Fixed a crash which would occur when trying to import nickname files which contained only mailing lists
Fix "Content-Type: text" headers missing the mandatory subtype (change to "text/plain"). This ensures that you can see the content of the message directly instead of a generic "mime-attachment"
Properly recover and re-attach the attachment for attachment-only messages (Content-Type: application/...)
Attachments with filenames longer than 31 chars should now be handled properly
3.1.5 (August 9, 2003)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Improved searching for mailboxes inside the Eudora folder. This should speed up the initial scanning process and solve problems with the program trying to convert non-mailbox files (e.g., items found in the attachment folder) which might have led to the application hanging before
3.1.4 (August 7, 2003)
New features:
Limit resulting mailboxes to about 1GB in size. Bigger mailboxes will be split into several mailboxes upon conversion in order to overcome a Mail.app limitation dealing with large mailboxes
Improvements/bugfixes:
Change parsing of ISO-8859-1 headers to be case-insensitive. This hopefully should eliminate the display of "ISO-8859-1..." strings in the message list
Fix corrupt ISO-8859-1 headers (with closing string missing) so that they display properly in both the message list and the message header of the message itself
Properly convert empty messages
Fixed problem with the status bar being stuck in barberpole-mode after nickname conversion
3.1.3 (July 18, 2003)
New features:
Detect and recover attachments for users which had been using the German localization plug-in in Eudora
Improvements/bugfixes:
Fixed problem with embedded file handling in non-HTML parts which could lead to the application producing an infinite loop
Make sure to only encode and attach embedded files once in case of embedded files being referenced multiple times
Correct the display of ISO-8859-1 headers in QP notation in case Eudora decided not to convert those to 8-bit characters internally. These headers should now properly display in the message list
Fixed potential crash when reading Eudora headers stored in UTF-8
3.1.2 (July 6, 2003)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Smarter locating of the attachments folder - we now find the folder even if the main folder is called something other than "Eudora Folder"
Limit GUI updates during mailbox conversion to 30fps. This gives a speed increase of the conversion of typically more than 10%
3.1.1 (June 29, 2003)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Fixed memory leak when encoding attachments
3.1 (June 28, 2003)
New features:
All files referenced in multipart/mixed (i.e., attachments) or multipart/related (i.e., embedded files) will now be re-attached to the messages. The files will be properly encoded according to MIME specifications to make sure that they stay intact (data fork, resource fork, and file metadata). This ensures that the attachments will stay intact even when exporting mailboxes or transferring mailboxes to another user/system
3.0 (May 18, 2003)
New features:
Direct import of nicknames into the Address Book including all group information as well as import of mailing lists. Since this requires the AddressBook.framework, MacOS X 10.2 or higher is required as of version 3.0
2.8 (May 11, 2003)
New features:
Properly recover embedded images for multipart/related messages. All images which can be found within the "Parts Folder" inside the "Eudora Folder" will now be copied into ~/Library/Mail/Attachments/ and show up as images instead of ugly gray boxes in Mail.
Note: I was only able to test this on the two messages I had so it is possible that not all images are detected properly. Also, this feature probably doesn't work for Windows mailboxes yet since I don't know in what format Eudora stores the relevant information there. If you have problems with this feature, drop me a line and I will try to help you.
2.7.1 (March 27, 2003)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Fixed some problems where 8-bit characters inside the message body would be encoded wrong (this could happen for "flowed" messages).
Properly encode 8-bit characters in the message subject for the message list if the subject was stored as UTF-8.
Changed the format of the hyperlink used to access attachments. The new format now works even after renaming the HD or if the user data is kept on a separate partition.
Reformatted this page to fully comply with the "XHTML 1.1" standard. This will hopefully resolve the problem with download links not working...
2.7 (January 6, 2003)
New features:
The application should now be able to detect attachments in messages sent or received with the French version of Eudora.
Improvements/bugfixes:
8-bit characters (e.g., accented characters in non-English mails) inside the message body are now handled properly so that you see the character and not just a space.
2.6.4 (January 5, 2003)
New features:
Nicknames marked as "Do not include this nickname when syncing" in Eudora will be skipped during import.
2.6.3 (November 17, 2002)
New features:
The application now can handle Windows Eudora nickname files as well.
Improvements/bugfixes:
Make sure to convert malformed Eudora filters in a way that they still import into Mail (before, no rules might have been added to Mail if certain malformed filters were imported).
Hopefully fixed a memory-related bug once and for all - before, random crashes could occur for users with huge amounts of mail and many attachments. Many thanks to Rafael Kobylinski for helping me track down the problem.
2.6.2 (October 21, 2002)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Remove the ".mbx" extension from converted Windows mailboxes.
Cleaned up the AppleScript dictionary and improved AppleScript support
Fixed a couple of internal coding problems which could lead to random crashes.
2.6.1 (October 13, 2002)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Fixed a problem where the first character of the body of every message was missing when importing Windows Eudora mailboxes.
Added proper attachment parsing when importing Windows Eudora mailboxes (the format used by Eudora is slightly different in the Windows version).
2.6 (October 6, 2002)
New features:
The application now correctly imports Windows Eudora mailboxes (with DOS end-of-line "CR+LF"). However, since the Windows mailboxes do not have the TOCF resource, all messages will be imported as "unread" and dates of messages imported into Eudora in the past might still show wrong dates. Note: if you use ftp to transfer your mailboxes from your PC to your Mac, make sure you transfer the files in "binary" mode (otherwise your EOLs would be changed from "CR+LF" to "LF" and the import would fail).
Improvements/bugfixes:
Some filters with "«" or "»" in the filter name would not be imported (bug introduced with version 2.4.3) - fixed that.
The count of converted filters/rules in the summary dialog after conversion was off by one - fixed to show correct count.
2.5.4 (September 15, 2002)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Better detection of "Notes" - notes which had been entered in older versions of Eudora had a different format and were skipped before.
Fixed another problem which would prevent filters to be imported into rules properly when the rule criteria contained «Personality».
2.5.3 (September 10, 2002)
New features:
Import the contents of the "Notes" tab in Eudora to the "Note" field in the Address Book (10.2)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Filters should now import correctly even when doing multiple imports (i.e., if the imported mailbox folder is named something other than "Import")
Fixed a crash which would occur for multipart/... messages which had no boundary string (this is not supposed to happen but some mailing list servers seem to strip some of the headers...)
2.5.2 (September 2, 2002)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Improved parsing for message separators to account for missing leading zeroes in date string. This improves message detection for mailboxes with missing TOCF resource
2.5.1 (September 2, 2002)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Fixed bug which would cause no rules to show up after import into Mail.app if a rule contained the qualifier «Personality» in its second criteria
2.5 (August 26, 2002)
Updated for MacOS X 10.2 "Jaguar" (it still runs on earlier system versions)
New features:
Support for multiple addresses for a single contact (10.2)
Support for multiple criteria for rules (10.2)
Support for the additional rule actions "Mark as Read" and "Stop evaluating rules" (10.2)
2.4.4 (August 11, 2002)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Smarter conversion of filters with multiple criteria (filters in the form of "Header1 is something OR Header2 is something" will not be split into two separate rules any longer but to a single rule in the form "Header1 OR Header2 is something"). This is in preparation for improved filter import into Mail.app from Jaguar/MacOS 10.2 which will support multiple criteria for its rules.
2.4.3 (July 31, 2002)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Fixed a problem which would cause no rules to show up in Mail.app after import when a string in any filter contained "<" or ">" characters
Eudora filters which had "«" or "»" characters in the name (e.g., «Any Receipient»...) don't have funny characters in the rule name after import into Mail.app any more
2.4.2 (June 15, 2002)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Fixed a small bug which would cause the application to hang for messages containing a very short line starting with "from" inside a message of a mailbox with missing or corrupt TOCF resource.
2.4.1 (June 8, 2002)
New features:
Mirror the mailbox structure inside "~/Library/Mail/Attachments/" (i.e., the attachments for each mailbox are now stored in individual folders). This makes it much easier to find individual attachments and to organize/archive mailboxes together with their attachments
Improvements/bugfixes:
We check now for the active system version and make sure that the user is running MacOS X 10.0 or higher. Trying to convert mailboxes using MacOS 9 or earlier caused unpredictable results...
Fixed a bug which could freeze the application when importing mailboxes with missing or corrupt TOCF resource if the message separator did not contain an "@"-sign. This should allow to import a wider variety of mbox files from various applications
2.4 (April 19, 2002)
Improvements/bugfixes:
If the TOCF resource is present, read the message date/time from the binary value stored there. This provides total independence from the user and locale date and time setting
Fixed a problem which would cause the application to freeze for slightly wrong formatted boundary string definitions in multipart/... messages
Avoid writing superfluous additional boundaries in multipart/...messages containing HTML parts
2.3 (April 8, 2002)
New features:
Properly convert accented characters (8-bit Mac encoding) in the headers (From:, To:, Cc:, Bcc:, and Subject:). These chars now show up properly in both, the message list and the message display (conversion follows conventions of RFC2047)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Recover long subject headers which have been truncated by Eudora for the TOCF resource
Mailboxes with the same name found directly in the "Eudora Folder" as well as in the top level of the "Mail Folder" will now both be converted (officially, this is not even supposed to happen...) Before, the second mailbox would have been ignored
2.2.5 (April 4, 2002)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Corrected boundary string searching for multipart/... messages to be fully compliant with RFC2046 and avoid a crash when encountering certain boundary strings
Removed all double "free" of memory which resulted in lots of output into the console.log
2.2.4 (April 2, 2002)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Better detection of the start of a new message for some non-standard separators (in rare situations, this could result in the application to hang)
Improved handling of multipart/related messages
Fixed some problems with multipart/... messages
Fixed a rare problem where HTML messages would display formatting tags
2.2.3 (March 30, 2002)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Fixed a memory-related bug which could result in the application to crash when converting mailboxes
Correctly display the number of attachments per message even if the TOCF resource of the original mailbox is missing or corrupt
Changed the icon in order to reflect the new Eudora icon
2.2.2 (March 23, 2002)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Files starting with empty lines will be recognized and converted properly
Fixed a bug which could lead to the attachment folder not being recognized properly
Changed memory settings and plugged a couple of potential memory leaks
2.2.1 (March 16, 2002)
New features:
Display the number of attachments for each message in the message list
Inform the user about copying of attachments in the progress dialog since this takes much longer than converting a message
Improvements/bugfixes:
Locate Eudora's "Attachments Folder" independently of the file/folder dropped onto the Cleaner as long as it is inside the "Eudora Folder" hierarchy
All message headers are parsed case-insensitive to comply with the RFC 822 specifications
Don't read spurious chars for date string from TOCF resource of mailboxes (this could result in the generation bad dates before)
Fixed a bug which would convert the time for all messages originating from UTC/GMT to the local timezone
Use a nicer format for the generated "Date: " header (since Mail sometimes doesn't seem to properly parse the string we want at least something decent-looking)
Remove comments which have been inserted from Eudora for text/html messages
Small redesign of the summary dialog (grouping of related items)
2.2 (March 12, 2002)
New features:
Message status flags (read, forwarded, redirected, ...) are now preserved when importing mailboxes
Improvements/bugfixes:
Improved detection of single nicknames versus mailing lists
Fixed a bug which would result in a " to be added in front of the email address for nicknames which contained a space
2.1 (March 9, 2002)
New features:
Added (limited) attachment handling: all attachments which can be found inside Eudora's "Attachments Folder" will be copied to "~/Library/Mail/Attachments" and referenced inside the message with a hyperlink (this works only when converting the full "Eudora Folder" or "Mail Folder")
Improvements/bugfixes:
Better nickname file conversion. We have a big speed increase and should better detect all nicknames within the file
Improved detection/conversion of multipart/... messages
Safer handling of formatting tags - you shouldn't see any formatting tags inside a message any longer, even if they are non-standard
Better detection of messages within a mailbox for messages which have been imported into Eudora and thus don't show the standard message separator from Eudora
2.0.3 (March 4, 2002)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Fixed a bug which could result in a (probably infinite) number of nested folders to be created upon mailbox conversion in some situations
2.0.2 (March 2, 2002)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Fixed a bug which would cause the application to hang at the end of a mailbox if no TOCF resource was present or if it was present but corrupt
2.0.1 (March 1, 2002)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Fixed a bug which would give unpredictable results if the complete "Eudora Folder" was dropped onto the application and it contained mailboxes directly inside it (instead of inside the "Mail Folder")
2.0 (February 28, 2002)
New features:
Direct conversion of mailboxes into Mail.app *.mbox files. We are now independent of the "Import Mailboxes..." implementation in Mail.app
Correctly import multipart/... messages
Improvements/bugfixes:
Major rewriting of mailbox conversion which resulted in a speed increase by a factor 4 to 5
Fixed a bug which would prevent filters from being imported when no rules were defined in Mail at the time of import
Safer date parsing from the TOCF resource for messages with improper dates
Make sure that no cache/history folders will be converted when dropping the full "Eudora Folder" onto the application
1.4 (February 17, 2002)
New features:
Added recursive folder processing. Thus, the complete layout of your mailboxes will now stay intact upon conversion/import
Improvements/bugfixes:
Corrected behaviour of the "Cancel" button to stop all processing and not only processing the current file
1.3.1 (February 11, 2002)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Worked around yet another bug in Mail's import feature which resulted in the "Return-Path:" header to be missing for received messages after import
1.3 (February 10, 2002)
New features:
Added import of Eudora filters
Improvements/bugfixes:
All nickname files are now put into a single file called "Nicknames.txt" upon conversion for easier import into Address Book
Safer parsing of dates from the TOCF resource. We shouldn't get weird dates any more...
1.2.1 (February 6, 2002)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Fixed a bug which could result in one field not being imported into the address book for each nickname
1.2 (February 3, 2002)
New features:
Added parsing of the TOCF resource in the Eudora mailbox (if present) which has the following advantages:
Greatly improved speed (more than 50%, even more for really long messages)
Dates for sent messages which have been imported into Eudora should now be correct (no longer the date when they were imported into Eudora)
1.1.2 (January 28, 2002)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Fixed another nickname importing bug which would make the application hang when importing nicknames with no information other than a single E-Mail address
1.1.1 (January 28, 2002)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Recover the "To: " header for sent messages. This is a problem with the "Import Mailboxes..." implementation in Mail.app dropping some headers so I had to work around that...
Fixed a bug which could result in a infinite loop upon Nickname cleaning in very rare occasions.
1.1 (January 27, 2002)
New features:
Added import of Eudora nickname files. Many users asked for this...
Added a Cancel button to the progress dialog so the process can be stopped by other means than force-quitting the application (when you cancel an import, all messages imported until then are saved in the cleaned mailbox, uncleaned messages are not included)
Present a dialog with a summary of the performed actions when all cleaning is done
Improvements/bugfixes:
Fixed a bug which would truncate every line at 256 characters and thus could result in lost texts or fragments (introduced in 1.0.1)
Yet another speed increase (more than 50%) when converting mailboxes
Redesigned About dialog to include the homepage of Eudora Mailbox Cleaner (you get it by opening the application instead of dropping files onto it)
1.0.1 (January 23, 2002)
Improvements/bugfixes:
Better parsing for missing dates. Even received messages with missing "Date: " header should be cleaned properly now
Cleaned up some of the code (speed improvement on my 400MHz G3 PowerBook of roughly 20%)